Connectivity in mobile multihop relay network

Mobile Multihop Relay (MMR) network is an attractive and low-cost solution for expanding service coverage and enhancing throughput of the conventional single hop network. However, mobility of Mobile Station (MS) in MMR network might lead to performance degradation in terms of Quality of Service (QoS). Selecting an appropriate Relay Station (RS) that can support data transmission for high mobility MS to enhance QoS is one of the challenges in MMR network. The main goal of the work is to develop and enhance relay selection mechanisms that can assure continuous connectivity while ensuring QoS in MMR network using NCTUns simulation tools. The approach is to develop and enhance a relay selection for MS with continuous connectivity in non-transparent relay. In this approach, the standard network entry procedure is modified to allow continuous connectivity with reduced signaling messages whenever MS joins RS that is out of Multihop Relay Base Station (MRBS) coverage and the relay selection is based on Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). The QoS performances of the proposed relay selections are in terms of throughput and average end-to-end (ETE) delay. The findings for the proposed relay selection in non-transparent relay shows that the throughput degradation between low mobility MS (30m/s) and high mobility MS (50m/s) is only about 2.0%. The proposed relay selection mechanisms can be applied in any high mobility multi-tier cellular network

Kit pemantauan penyambungan litar elektrik: satu kajian efikasi Alat Bantu Mengajar

Kit pemantau penyambungan litar elektrik merupakan Alat Bantu Mengajar (ABM) bagi memudahkan para pelajar mempelajari dan memahami prinsip litar elektrik asas, khususnya mendalami cara penyambungan litar pendawaian dengan betul berdasarkan litar skima yang diberi tanpa perlu pengawasan atau bantuan guru sepenuh masa. Kit ini juga memperkenalkan pelajar dengan istilah-istilah asas dalam litar elektrik yang dapat ditunjukkan melalui sambungan yang dibuat dan hasilnya dipaparkan pada LCD/lampu penunjuk. Dengan adanya kit ini, proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran menjadi lebih mudah kerana pelajar boleh mengesan sendiri kesalahan dalam penyambungan pendawaian melalui respon yang diberikan. Apa yang menarik berkaitan kit ini, ia mendorong pelajar menjadi lebih yakin apabila berjaya melakukan sambungan dengan betul, sifat ini tidak mungkin dicapai bagi pelajar yang ramai dalam satu kelas. Sifat yakin diri dan berkebolehan memeriksa penyambungan litar sendiri tanpa bantuan daripada guru menjadi salah satu matlamat dalam pendidikan. Gadget ini dilengkapi dengan kemudahan mengesan dan memaparkan sambungan yang sudah dilakukan dan yang belum dilakukan. Kemudahan ini dapat menambahkan keberkesanan penyampaian pengetahuan dan kemahiran dalam kerja litar elektrik asas, kebolehan membaca dan mentafsir litar elektrik dan pelajar berupaya melakukan amali pemindahan litar skima ke litar pendawaian. Hasilnya, kemahiran penyambungan litar elektrik asas akan bertambah baik

The development of the future learning skills for Graduates in TVET by using focus group discussion

This study focuses on the domain to evaluate graduates’ abilities in TVET system. The reason why this study conducted is to help graduates, university and other stakeholder to overcome the employability crisis among their graduates. Thirteen experts were participated in this Focus Group Discussion. The Focus Group Discussion is a technique used in identifying, discussing and brainstorming the criteria, domain and characteristics through experts’ opinion. The approach used in this study is discussion by Webex platform. After analyzing the data findings in Focus Group Discussion using SPSS software, researcher found that out of thirteen, twelve domains reached a good consensus and agreement. This study is believed to encourage current undergraduates to develop high level future learning skills, competencies and other related abilities regarding their employability and foster training in this area by educational institutions so that can benefit their students